Losing a modest amount of weight through diet and exercise can notably lower diabetes risk. Do such lifestyle changes work for everyone? 

Smoking affects everyone in the vicinity. So, when clusters of students and teachers light up after class, everyone on campus has to put up with secondhand smoke. Is that fair?

To treat potentially deadly prostate cancer, the surgical removal of the prostate is sometimes necessary. The procedure can have potential side effects, including a shortened penis.

When drugs aren't doing the trick to relieve pain from narrowed arteries, doctors may recommend procedures to restore blood flow. For diabetes patients undergoing one of these procedures, outcomes seem to have improved.

Treating aneurysms requires surgery. Aneurysms are areas of the aorta that are swollen and weakened. If the aneurysm isn't operated on, it can rupture and lead to death.

When anything in the body goes into overdrive, trouble usually follows. Genes that are switched to and stay “on” all the time can lead to cancer. A molecular pathway that behaves this way may be a new target for a tough cancer.

A trip to Mars involves all kinds of challenges for the human body. It would take over a year just to get there and back. How will astronauts' bodies cope in terms of sleep cycles?

Statins  are medications used for the treatment of high cholesterol. They come in many branded and generic forms. Does it matter which one a physician prescribes?

High blood pressure has been linked to higher risk of dementia. Using certain high blood pressure drugs may protect the brain from damage.

Prevention of HPV is now easier than ever, with two vaccines for adolescents and young adults. A simple, cost-effective pap smear test can detect early stages of HPV-related cancer too.